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Women have been persistently underrepresented in science, engineering and mathematics disciplines in academic institutions, in both the United States and Brazil. Approaches that intend to solve this problem by “fixing women”–steering women to be more like men—have been unsuccessful in resolving underrepresentation, as well as biased in assuming that men’s careers are optimal models for women to adopt. We describe research findings from the US and European institutions of higher education that demonstrate systems-focused approaches to gender equity, especially approaches that seek to change structures and cultures that perpetuate barriers to women’s success and advancement in academic science. These approaches become strategic when they are selected based on data about the local situation and when they are strategically combined to push on multiple levers of change at multiple levels of the organization. https://revistacontemporaneos.com.br/pathways-to-equity-for-academic-women-in-science-research-based-strategies-for-institutional-transformation-toward-gender-equity/